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健全宏觀調(diào)控體系

宏觀調(diào)控體系是政府為實(shí)現(xiàn)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控目標(biāo)，對宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行進(jìn)行干預(yù)、調(diào)節(jié)和控制而綜合運(yùn)用各種政策和措施的總稱。宏觀調(diào)控體系主要包括計(jì)劃、經(jīng)濟(jì)杠桿、經(jīng)濟(jì)法規(guī)和經(jīng)濟(jì)組織等調(diào)節(jié)體系。其主要職能是通過宏觀調(diào)節(jié)，在全社會的范圍內(nèi)自覺保持國民經(jīng)濟(jì)積極、穩(wěn)定、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，提高社會經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

改革開放40年間，在中國經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)較大波動時，中國政府總能適時進(jìn)行宏觀調(diào)控，成功應(yīng)對了短缺經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下投資消費(fèi)雙膨脹導(dǎo)致的經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱和嚴(yán)重通貨膨脹、有效需求不足導(dǎo)致的經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑和通貨緊縮趨勢、亞洲金融危機(jī)和國際金融危機(jī)等造成的嚴(yán)重沖擊，以及重大疫情和嚴(yán)重自然災(zāi)害等重大突發(fā)事件，避免了經(jīng)濟(jì)大起大落，促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。實(shí)踐證明，科學(xué)的宏觀調(diào)控、有效的政府治理，是發(fā)揮社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制優(yōu)勢的內(nèi)在要求。

黨的十八大以來，中國的宏觀調(diào)控體系正在逐步健全并經(jīng)歷一系列前所未有的重大變化。從2013年提出“增長速度換擋期”“結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整陣痛期”“前期刺激政策的消化期”的“三期疊加”，到2014年適時做出我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入新常態(tài)的重大判斷，從2015年確立創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享五大新發(fā)展理念并形成推進(jìn)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的重大決策，到2016年提出繼續(xù)深化供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，再到2017年黨的十九大做出建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的戰(zhàn)略部署，中國正在按照新時代的要求，以轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式、優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、轉(zhuǎn)換增長動力，進(jìn)而建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的努力，建立并完善與供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革相匹配的宏觀調(diào)控體系。

Improving the macro regulatory system

The macro regulatory system is a general term for the policies and measures a government takes to intervene, adjust and control macroeconomic performance to ensure various macroeconomic targets be achieved. The system is composed of such regulatory institutions of planning, economic leverage, economic laws and regulations, and economic organizations. Macro regulation helps maintain proactive, steady and coordinated growth of the economy, and enhance social and economic benefits.

During China's 40 years of reform and opening up, the government has applied timely macro regulation when big fluctuation occurred in the economy, thus effectively tackled the economic overheat and serious inflation as a result of swelling investment and consumption under scarcity economy, the economic decline and deflation tendency caused by insufficient demand, the adverse impacts of the Asian and international financial crises, and sudden incidents caused by grave epidemics and natural disasters. Macro regulation has helped China avoid radical changes and promoted healthy and sustained economic growth. Facts prove that sound macro regulation and effective governance are salient requirements to utilize the advantages of socialist market economy.

Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China's macro regulatory system has undergone improvement accompanied with unprecedented changes. This can be seen from a couple of terms popular during the course: the "shift of economic growth bracket," "throes of economic structural adjustment" and "digestion period of stimulant policies earlier" in 2013; the judgment of China's economic new normal in 2014; the new concept of innovative, coordinated, green and open development for the benefit of all and the decision to promote supply-side structural reform in 2015; the verdict on further supply-side structural reform in 2016; and the strategic decision to develop a modernized economy at the 19th CPC National Congress in 2017.

Given the conditions in the new era, China will develop a modernized economy by transforming the growth model, optimizing economic structure and changing the driving force, and build a sound macro regulatory system that matches its supply-side structural reform.