在英文的實(shí)際寫(xiě)作中,每個(gè)人多多少少會(huì)有些標(biāo)點(diǎn)使用的問(wèn)題。雖然有時(shí)大家都不以為然,覺(jué)得這不是什么大問(wèn)題。但事實(shí)上,在正式的書(shū)寫(xiě)中,標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是十分嚴(yán)肅重要的組成部分,不可被輕易忽視。
1.逗號(hào)
在句子并列結(jié)構(gòu)的最后成分前往往會(huì)使用連詞 and, or, but 等,在這些連詞前加不加逗號(hào)會(huì)對(duì)句子意思造成影響,舉個(gè)例子:
(1) You should buy some pens, red bags and notebooks.
(2) You should buy some pens, red bags, and notebooks.
兩個(gè)句子的表意有所不同,第二個(gè)句子 red 只修飾 bags,但第一個(gè)句子 red 可以解讀為修飾 bags 以及 notebooks,因此為了避免歧義,要學(xué)會(huì)正確使用逗號(hào)。
(1) This is a cheap and simple process, however, there are dangers.
(2) Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire, thus it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty.
第一個(gè)句子中當(dāng) however 表示轉(zhuǎn)折含義時(shí)它是副詞,不能當(dāng)連詞用,因此逗號(hào)應(yīng)該改為分號(hào)或者句號(hào)。即:
This is a cheap and simple process; however, there are dangers. / This is a cheap and simple process. However, there are dangers.
第二個(gè)句子中 thus 是副詞,同樣不能當(dāng)連詞用,因此句子要改成:
Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. Thus it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty. / Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire; thus it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty.
2.書(shū)名號(hào)
漢語(yǔ)中書(shū)名號(hào)《》可以用來(lái)標(biāo)明書(shū)名、文章名、報(bào)刊名等等,但英文中沒(méi)有漢語(yǔ)書(shū)名號(hào)的寫(xiě)法。在英文中,標(biāo)明書(shū)籍、報(bào)刊、戲劇、電影、繪畫(huà)作品等名稱時(shí), 通常采用斜體、下劃線、引號(hào)、黑體或黑體基礎(chǔ)上的下劃線。
3.省略號(hào)
英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)中的省略號(hào)在書(shū)寫(xiě)上不同,漢語(yǔ)省略號(hào)一般為六點(diǎn),且位置在中間(……),英語(yǔ)省略號(hào)只有三點(diǎn),且位置在下邊,即( ... ),在寫(xiě)英文時(shí)記得不要混淆.
4.縮略符
在考場(chǎng)作文以及學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作中要避免使用縮略符的表達(dá)法,即 What's more,I'll 這類縮寫(xiě)要還原為完整形式(a manager's job 這類所有格形式除外)。類似下面這樣的句子:
People who can't afford to go to the theatre or concerts can afford to go to football matches.
要改為:
People who cannot afford to go to the theatre or concerts can afford to go to football matches.
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