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　　世界上，在某一領(lǐng)域有著絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)的人或產(chǎn)業(yè)永遠(yuǎn)是少數(shù)，大部分，是有著“相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)”。正因?yàn)槔昧讼鄬?duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)，才有了各領(lǐng)域的杰出人才，有了不同行業(yè)的分工，也才有了國際間的貿(mào)易，有了全球化的經(jīng)濟(jì)。

　　There are always minorities, either people or enterprises, that have absolute advantage in a field; the majority apply their comparative advantage to professions where they do their best to be effective players. Based on comparative advantages, different divisions are formed as international trade and the globalized economy develop.

　　美國的佛羅里達(dá)州適合種植柑橘，中國的溫州擅長做鞋子。兩地的人們同樣都需要柑橘和鞋子。若將溫州地區(qū)的土壤改造成可種植進(jìn)口柑橘的條件，或者將佛羅里達(dá)州地區(qū)的工人訓(xùn)練成可做溫州人質(zhì)量的鞋子，不是不可以，但是成本太高了。所以，不如兩個(gè)地區(qū)的人都集中做本地區(qū)適宜病擅長做的事，在滿足自己需要后，將其余的出口，結(jié)果雙方都獲得了比各自經(jīng)營兩種產(chǎn)品更為合算的成本低二質(zhì)量高的產(chǎn)品。不言而喻，這其中雙方利用的是自己的絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。

　　Oranges are flourishing in Florida in the United States, for example, shoes are made perfectly in Wenzhou of China, and people in both areas need oranges and shoes. In Wenzhou, one could try to create an artificial environment for citrus trees of an international standard, and in Florida workers could be trained to make shoes as effectively as workers in Wenzhou using the same resources. However, the costs would be too high. The best solution, therefore, is to allow each location to specialize in its own product, producing enough to meet local needs and exporting the rest. As a result, people in both areas end up with lower cost and higher quality goods than if each tried to produce both. It is self-evident that absolute advantage occurs in this process.

　　然而，即便是有了絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)，也不一定要利用。例如，我認(rèn)識(shí)一位出色的公司老板，他很愛車，并精通如何給汽車換油，甚至比專業(yè)技工還快，但是他自己的車，大部分時(shí)間，還是開到專業(yè)車店去換油。原因是，他可以利用那段時(shí)間做一些更有價(jià)值的事。這里，利用的不是他的絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)，而是相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。

　　However, absolute advantage may not necessarily apply everywhere. For instance, I know a capable company boss, who is also an expert in private cars and very skillful at changing car oil, even more efficiently than a mechanic. But, almost every time he drives his car to a garage to have the oil changed by a mechanic since he believes he can use the time to do something more valuable. What he uses here is his comparative advantage rather than absolute advantage.

　　同樣道理，也適用于個(gè)人事業(yè)。每個(gè)人在某一領(lǐng)域，可能不是最好的，但他一定會(huì)有自己的相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。這種優(yōu)勢(shì)并不會(huì)因?yàn)閯e人的絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)而減弱，但卻會(huì)因?yàn)樽约旱娜鮿?shì)小于別人的弱勢(shì)而增強(qiáng)。

　　The same rationale may also apply to individual careers. You may not be the best in a certain area, but still have a comparative advantage, which will not be reduced in relation to others' absolute advantage, and you can still find an advantaged position in which your disadvantages is smaller relative to others.

　　一個(gè)在才智方面平平的人，可以因?yàn)檎J(rèn)準(zhǔn)、用對(duì)了自己的“相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)”而成就甚大。所以，在某種意義上，“相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)”的優(yōu)勢(shì)才是真正的優(yōu)勢(shì)。

　　An ordinary talent can, therefore, achieve outstanding results by rightfully exploring his or her comparative advantage. In this sense, we may say that comparative advantage really works.