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西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略

西部大開發(fā)是20世紀(jì)末21世紀(jì)初黨中央、國務(wù)院貫徹鄧小平關(guān)于中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)“兩個大局”思想做出的重大戰(zhàn)略決策。1999年9月，中共十五屆四中全會提出：國家要實施西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略。2000年1月，國務(wù)院成立了西部地區(qū)開發(fā)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組。

西部大開發(fā)總體規(guī)劃可劃分為三個階段：從2001年到2010年是奠定基礎(chǔ)階段，從2011到2030年是加速發(fā)展階段，從2031年到2050年是全面推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化階段。國家提出西部開發(fā)要以基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)為基礎(chǔ)，以生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)為根本，以經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、開發(fā)特色產(chǎn)業(yè)為關(guān)鍵，以依靠科技進(jìn)步、培養(yǎng)人才為保障，以改革開放為動力，以繁榮經(jīng)濟(jì)、使各族人民共同富裕為出發(fā)點。

西部大開發(fā)的范圍包括中國12個省、自治區(qū)、直轄市，面積約占全國的71.4%。由于自然、歷史、社會等原因，西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相對落后。實施西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略、加快中西部地區(qū)發(fā)展，對于擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需，推動國民經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長，促進(jìn)各地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，最終實現(xiàn)共同富裕，對于加強(qiáng)民族團(tuán)結(jié)，維護(hù)社會穩(wěn)定和鞏固邊防，具有十分重要的意義。

2017年初，國務(wù)院正式批復(fù)了《西部大開發(fā)“十三五”規(guī)劃》，提出的總目標(biāo)是，到2020年如期全面建成小康社會，西部地區(qū)綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)實力、人民生活水平和質(zhì)量、生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況再上新臺階。具體目標(biāo)包括經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展、創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展能力顯著增強(qiáng)、轉(zhuǎn)型升級取得實質(zhì)性進(jìn)展、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施進(jìn)一步完善、生態(tài)環(huán)境實質(zhì)性改善、公共服務(wù)能力顯著增強(qiáng)等6方面。

Strategy for large-scale development of western China

Large-scale development of western China was a strategic decision by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in implementing Deng Xiaoping's instructions on an issue of overriding importance: the development of both coastal and inland areas. In September 1999 the Fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee agreed a strategy for large-scale development of western China. In January 2000, the State Council set up a leading group for western development.

Overall development can be divided into three phases: laying the foundations from 2001 to 2010; accelerating development from 2011 to 2030; modernization on all fronts from 2031 to 2050.

Development will be supported by infrastructure projects, while environmental protection is a priority. The economic structure will be adjusted and special industries developed. Scientific and technological progress and personnel training will provide an intelligent buttress, and reform and opening up the driving force. The goal is to achieve common prosperity for the people of all ethnic groups.

The strategy covers six provinces, five autonomous regions and one municipality directly under the central government, which account for 71.4 percent of China's land territory. Due to natural, historical and social factors, these places have lagged behind the rest of the country in economic development. The strategy to develop the west and the determination to fuel the growth of central and western China are significant to expanding internal demand, promoting sustainable growth, coordinating regional development for common prosperity, increasing ethnic solidarity and social stability, and consolidating the frontier areas.

In early 2017, the State Council approved the 13th Five-year Plan for the Large-scale Development of the Western Region, with the overall objectives of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020, enhancing local economic strength and people's wellbeing, and improving ecological conservation. More specifically, the areas involved will have sustainable and sound economic growth, stronger capacity for innovation-driven development, substantial progress in transformation and upgrading, better infrastructure, substantive change of local environment, and better public services.